Conventional 2D spin echo sequence. The image matrix is 256×256. The number of subvoxels is 1×1×4. The total number of subvoxels is 13,572,096. The calculation time was 15.7 s. 

 TR/TE = 500 ms/12 ms (T1 weighted)       TR/TE = 500 ms/96 ms

TR/TE = 4800ms/12ms  (PD weighted)   TR/TE = 4800ms/96ms (T2 weighted)

 

Pulse sequence chart visualized by the SequenceViewer:

One data acquisition sequence. TR = 500 ms, TE = 12 ms.

Entire pulse sequence. Moire pattern is visualized because of the interference between screen resolution and the repeating pulse sequence.

 

Python sequence code:

from psdk import *
import numpy as np

gamma = 42.57747892 # [MHz/T]
TR = 500.0e+3 # [us]
TE = 12.0e+3 # [us]
NR = 256 # Number of readout points
NPE1 = 256 # Number of 1st phase encoding
fov = [220.0, 220.0, 256.0] # [mm]
dwell_time = 10.0 # [us]
slice_width = 5.0 # [mm]
gx_value = 1e+6 / (dwell_time * gamma * fov[0]) # [mT/m]
gy_value = 2e+6 / (dwell_time * gamma * fov[1]) * NPE1 / NR # [mT/m]
gz_value = 2.5 / (slice_width * 1.0e-3) / gamma # [mT/m]
gx_rt = 300.0 # [us] gx_rise_time
gy_rt = 300.0 # [us] gy_rise_time
gz_rt = 300.0 # [us] gz_rise_time
PW = 1600.0 # [us]
ex_pulse_flip_angle = 90.0 # [degree]

def sinc_with_hamming(flip_angle, pulse_width, points, *, min = -2.0 * np.pi, max = 2.0 * np.pi):
    x0 = np.arange(min, max, (max - min) / points)
    x1 = x0 + (max - min) / points
    y = (np.sinc(x0 / np.pi) + np.sinc(x1 / np.pi)) * 0.5 * np.hamming(points)
    return flip_angle * y * points / (y.sum() * pulse_width * 360.0e-6 * gamma)

with Sequence('2D SpinEcho'):

    with Block('Excitation', PW + 2.0 * gz_rt):
        GZ(0.0, gz_value, gz_rt)
        RF(gz_rt, sinc_with_hamming(ex_pulse_flip_angle, PW, 160), PW / 160, phase = 0.0)
        GZ(PW + gz_rt, 0.0, gz_rt)

    with Block('Slice_refocus+Prephasing', NR // 2 * dwell_time + gx_rt * 2.0 ):    
         GX(0.0, gx_value, gx_rt)
         GX(NR * dwell_time, 0.0, gx_rt)   
         GZ(0.0, -gz_value, gz_rt)
         GZ(PW * 0.5 + gz_rt, 0.0, gz_rt)              

    with Block('Refocus', PW + 2.0 * gz_rt):
        GZ(0.0, gz_value, gz_rt)
        RF(gz_rt, sinc_with_hamming(180, PW, 160), PW / 160, phase = 0.5 * np.pi)
        GZ(PW + gz_rt, 0.0, gz_rt)

    with Block('Phase_encoding+Acquisition', TE/2 + NR * dwell_time - PW * 0.5 - gz_rt + gy_rt):
        GY(0.0, ([gy_value * (i - NPE1 // 2) / NPE1 for i in range(NPE1)], ['PE1']), gy_rt)
        GY(NR // 2 * dwell_time, 0.0, gy_rt)
        GX(TE/2 - PW * 0.5 - gz_rt - NR * dwell_time - 0.5 * gx_rt, gx_value, gx_rt)
        AD(TE/2 - PW * 0.5 - gz_rt - NR // 2 * dwell_time, NR, dwell_time)
        GX(TE/2 - PW * 0.5 - gz_rt + NR * dwell_time + gx_rt * 0.5, 0, gx_rt)
                     
    with Main():
        with Loop('PE1', NPE1):
            BlockRef('Excitation')
            BlockRef('Slice_refocus+Prephasing')
            WaitUntil(TE/2 - 2.0 * gz_rt)
            BlockRef('Refocus')
            BlockRef('Phase_encoding+Acquisition')
            WaitUntil(TR)